Philosophy in its history

, maintain links with religion, and many philosophers were devout people, but sometimes outside the mainstream of official religion. The origins of philosophy, however, look to be in opposition to religious thinking, the questioning of accepted beliefs.In the Middle Ages philosophy was completely subordinated to theology, and was to serve rozumowemu explanation of the truths of Revelation. In the modern era, some of the philosophical currents were irreligious or anti-clerical attitude (the Enlightenment, Marxism, scientism, positivism). In particular, were criticized in the form of institutionalized religions.Philosophy takes the human problems that give meaning to human life. Contemplation and interpretation of the world, attempt to clarify its structure, the genesis of the reasons. We will identify it with rationality, so religion should mean the search for rationality in it. Philosophy is often based on abstraction, is very general.Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel believed that the philosophy of religion has a common meaning, different form of content “General subjects, widespread in itself, existing intelligence.” The religion is a form of imaging, and philosophy as conceptual – “clean, samoistniejÄ…ca thought.” “Truth of religion come from outside” – does not require justification of rights.Vico (Italian philosopher of the seventeenth / eighteenth century) believed that “the intellect of civilization were the philosophers, poets and the senses.”Freud believed that religion is powerless against nature and instincts. It was created when man was not able to use reason. It is an illusion, rationalization of motor factors pushed into consciousness. This is a common neurosis community.Jung believed that the origin of religion lies in the subconscious, was not an illusion, do not have to compromise, in fact fulfill a positive role to integrate around the values.E. Fromm believed that religion is any system of thought and action, divided by a certain group, which provides orientation and body part, maintains the harmony of shapes and personalities. Man strives for harmony with oneself and understanding of its existence. Each image is a religion of the world, according to the need for a system of orientation, religious needs. Can satisfy by humanistic religion – God is the image of the higher self of man, a symbol of what man should be. You can implement it when choosing which religion paralyzes human development – an authoritative religion – man recognizes that it is controlled by a higher power. Allah is the holder of that which originally belonged to a man, and he is alienated from himself. The choice between these two religions depends on the economic, political base of society. Religion meant as much as ideology.H. Bergson believed that human body has to deal only with pictures course.Existentialists (such as Søren Kierkegaard) considered it necessary to break away from institutionalized religion in favor of the individual religions. Representatives of this trend aspired to freedom of imagination of the world, god, happiness, freedom in all spiritual activity. “Religion within the limits of reason alone” (Kant) – you can not mature to freedom without awarding the individual.Characteristic of modern times is to change the appearance of national states, competition rather than unity and the emergence of many churches as a result of the Reformation. Descartes, considered the leading figure of the criticism of Christianity, but modern philosophy is by nature outside of Christianity. In his time began to take the importance of pantheism. In modern times, takes the form of naturalistic – unity by subordinating the spiritual to what is natural.In times of popular Enlightenment was Deism, which reject the idea of constantly directing the world by God, rejects the revealed religions in favor of natural. Between deism and pantheism there is a relationship – are aspects of the same phenomenon – to establish the unity of the metaphysical world. Deism does so by reducing the role and the exclusion of the god in the functioning of the world, and pantheism, God creates a concept close to or identical with the world. Both currents patron B. Spinoza – he created a monistic, homogeneous theory of the world. The principal roles of: the specific understanding of the philosophical vocation and Judaic tradition alive. Both put forward to the fore the value of freedom. The furthest advanced of these is the rationalization of religion. Remained in conflict with the church, were attached to atheism.T. Hobbes believed that the god of this world call to deny its existence. He considered the problem of pantheism and deism as very complicated.Clement of Alexandria believed that an atheist who does not know the true God.P. Bayle believed that the theoretical consideration of questions of faith has nothing to do with religion. Referring to Spinoza it led to the identification of materialism. This combination is typical of the eighteenth century.Holbach believed that nothing has caused more harm to man than religion. Duly examined human nature can provide everything for happiness.